The COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), which received its Charter from the Federal Government in August 2000, as a Degree Awarding Institute (DAI) in the public sector. The CIIT is now slated for upgradation as a university by the name of ‘Comsats University’ through an Act of the Parliament. Being federally established institute, the CIIT currently has seven campuses in Islamabad, Lahore, Wah, Abbottabad, Attock, Sahiwal, and Vehari while six more campuses at Gujrat, Toba Tek Singh, Karachi, Larkana, Quetta & Peshawar are in advanced planning stage. The future plans also envisage opening of more campuses in the provinces of Sindh and Balochistan, as well as overseas.
Currently the CIIT is offering 41 different degree programs in the fields of Information and Communication Technology, Management Sciences, Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, Bio-sciences, Development Studies, Environmental Science, Meteorology, and Architecture and Design. The present student strength is around 13,239 with faculty strength of 1,313. The Institute in the short time has already produced high quality graduates numbering more than 6,916, who are serving the nation in the various callings.
The Higher Education Commission (HEC) in an exercise for the ranking of institutions of higher education in Pakistan, has ranked CIIT at number 8 among the engineering institutions of higher education during 2006. While in terms of research output, CIIT has been ranked at number 5 among institutions of higher education numbering more than 114 in the country during 2005-2007. CIIT has also been ranked at number 7 in research ranking of Universities on the basis of cumulative Impact Factor based on Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) web of knowledge (USA). CIIT was also ranked at top 2 position for Research Citations during 2008. In 2008, HEC once again compiled results on the basis of publications from Pakistani Universities/DAI’s which appeared in peer-reviewed journals, indexed by Thomson Reuters, ISI Web of Knowledge, and published them in the newspapers on 7th June 2009. According to this publication, CIIT attained 7th ranking among 124 Universities/DAI’s.
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Blue moon 2009 and Partial Lunar Eclipse, New Year’s :- There will be a partial eclipse of the moon on New Year’s Eve, Dec 31. Because of its timing, it will not be visible in North and South America, but will be visible over most of Europe, Africa, and Asia including some parts of Pakistan.
The eclipse could be observed between 11:52pm on Thursday to 12:54am on Friday in Pakistan.
The event will also mark the second full moon of the month in North America, thereby garnering the title of “blue moon.” Unless unusual atmospheric circumstances come into play — such as widespread dust from a volcano — the moon will not be blue, however.
Since it is a partial eclipse, the moon will just brush past the darkest part of the Earth’s shadow, never becoming totally immersed. It will, however, be deep enough into the shadow that shading and reddish color should be visible.
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Abstract— World Wide Web contains interlinked hypertext documents. The evolution of web has been rapid and multidimensional. Web has gone through three eras: web 1.0, web 2.0 and web 3.0. Chronologically these may be called as the past, present and future of the web. This paper investigates these web evolutions and describes their features. A tubular comparison is also provided for these web eras, with comprehensive critical views.
Index Terms— Web1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0, Read Web, Social Web, Semantic Web
I. INTRODUCTION
World Wide Web (www) was proposed in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau while working at the CERN, the European Centre for Nuclear Research [1]. The first portable browser was introduced by CERN in 1992 [1]. So, this started the first phase of the web which is called the “Web 1.0” or “Read Web” [2]. This era lasted until 2004 when the next phase of web was introduced by O’Reilly [2] as the “Web 2.0” or “Read Write Web” or “Social Web”. The social web got big success among the users as it treats user as the key entity. Web 2.0 is the current web and the future is the Web 3.0, which is also referred as the “Read/Write Execute Web” or the “Semantic Web” [3]. Web 3.0 is intelligent, secure and gives better search results. Web 1.0 has a typical 3-tier and N-tier architecture, Web 2.0 has a Service Oriented Architecture and Web 3.0 has Semantic Web Services Oriented Architecture [3].
A. Web 1.0
The first generation of web is referred to as the “Web 1.0” or “Web” [2]. Web 1.0 has other names which include “Read Web”, “Old Web” and “Static Web” [2]. This was the beginning of the internet. There was no collaboration between the users and no artificial intelligence in this web. This type of web still exists and may probably never stop. In web 1.0 writer publishes their content in form of web pages on internet and readers read them online and there is no direct communication between readers and writers [2].
B. Web 2.0
Web 2.0 was introduced by O’Reilly as a next generation of web. Web 2.0 has seven technology neutral features which include Services not packaged software, control over unique data sources that get richer as more people use them, trusting users as co-developers, harnessing collective intelligence, leveraging the long tail through customer self service, software above the level of a single device, lightweight user interfaces, development models and business models. Web 2.0 has three parts with respect to technology which are; Rich Internet Applications (RIA), Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) and Social Web/Collaboration [4].
C. Web 3.0
Web 3.0 was introduced in 2006. Web 3.0 is also called “Semantic Web”. Web 3.0 adds meaning to the web. Semantic Web describes data in a machine-interpretable way, coupled with a means for defining vocabularies and ontologies. Web 3.0 is more business oriented than web 2.0 therefore some people reject it. Semantic web has languages like Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL). Web 3.0 supports open data and include knowledge representation (KR). KR is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI), therefore Web 3.0 implements AI technologies. [3]
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to get the full paper Email at MuhammadHassanAltaf@gmail.com
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It is a matter of pride for the CIIT that it has been able to record remarkable achievements in terms of ranking of its Engineering degree programs as well as research productivity of the faculty members, given its brief history.
The Higher Education Commission (HEC) in an exercise for the ranking of institutions of higher education in Pakistan, has ranked CIIT at number 8 among the engineering institutions of higher education during 2006.
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While in terms of research output, CIIT has been ranked at number 5 among institutions of higher education numbering more than 114 in the country during 2005-2007. CIIT has also been ranked at number 7 in research ranking of Universities on the basis of cumulative Impact Factor based on Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) web of knowledge (USA). CIIT was also ranked at top 2 position for Research Citations during 2008. In 2008, HEC once again compiled results on the basis of publications from Pakistani Universities/DAI’s which appeared in peer-reviewed journals, indexed by Thomson Reuters, ISI Web of Knowledge, and published them in the newspapers on 7th June 2009. According to this publication, CIIT attained 7th ranking among 124 Universities/DAI’s.
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wellcome to CIIT blogs!!!!!!!
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